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A+LSCURRICULUM
GUIDE
The English Language - Language Skills V |
The A+dvanced Learning System® Language curriculum is a comprehensive, completely integrated language skills curriculum for grade levels 1-9. This program directs students from beginning language skills to more advanced in a title series that encompasses three Grammar & Usage titles and seven Language Skills titles. Language Skills titles have extensive tutorial and instructional voice support.
The seven Language Skills titles teach word usage, spelling, usage in context, pronunciation, and alphabetizing for over 4,000 of the most commonly-used words in the English language. These titles make use of complete voice instruction for four basic learning techniques, the Eight-Step Method, Proofreading, Flash Cards, and Alphabetizing, to illustrate and drive home, and assess mastery of, these skills. In addition, the Language Skills titles all contain Essay modules that require students to demonstrate their language skills in curriculum- and community-related writing exercises. Language Skills titles each contain between 68 and 72 lessons. Each lesson works with a word list that exemplifies a generalization, or learning objective for the student to master.
| LESSON # | LESSON TITLE | GENERALIZATION TAUGHT | WORD LIST | ESSAY |
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Short Vowels 1 | A short vowel sound is usually spelled with one vowel letter followed by one or more consonant letters as in hat and nest. | cliff, crash, deck, ditch, habit, index, liquid, mix, patch, raft | |
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Short Vowels 2 | A short vowel sound is usually spelled with one vowel letter followed by one or more consonant letters as in hat and nest. | shelf, sled, slim, solid, spirit, split, swift, tennis, traffic, unless | |
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Short Vowels 3 | A short vowel sound in a syllable is usually spelled with one vowel letter followed by one or more consonant letters as in contest. | anchor, cactus, damage, gadget, intelligent, mammal, message, monster, opposite, palace | |
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Short Vowels 4 | A short vowel sound in a syllable is usually spelled with one vowel letter followed by one or more consonant letters as in contest. | relatives, project, section, separate, signal, silly, single, twenty, welcome, whenever | |
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Long /a/ Sound with Different Spellings 1 | The long vowel sound /a/ may be spelled ‘a-e,’ ‘ai,’ ‘a’ at the end of a syllable, ‘ay,’ ‘ey,’ or ‘eigh’ as in cake, tail, navy, play, they, and eight. | *ache, brave, display, explain, failed, freight, native, obey, obtain, payment |
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Long /a/ Sound with Different Spellings 2 | The long vowel sound /a/ may be spelled ‘a-e,’ ‘ai,’ ‘a’ at the end of a syllable, ‘ay,’ ‘ey,’ or ‘eigh’ as in cake, tail, navy, play, they, and eight. | raisin, relay, remain, sleigh, stray, survey, tame, *taste, vase, weigh | |
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Long /e/ Sound with Different Spellings 1 | The long vowel sound /e/ may be spelled ‘ea,’ ‘ee,’ or ‘ie’ as in mean, deep, and niece. | beneath, coffee, committee, defeated, disease, *gasoline, grease, grief, league, meal |
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Long /e/ Sound with Different Spellings 2 | The long vowel sound /e/ may be spelled ‘ea,’ ‘ee,’ ‘ie,’ ‘ei,’ or ‘e-e’ as in mean, deep, niece, either, and these. | measles, neat, neither, queen, scene, screen, seaweed, steep, thief, breeze | |
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Long /i/ Sound 1 | The long vowel sound /i/ may be spelled ‘i-e,’ ‘i’ at the end of a syllable, or ‘y’ as in kite, pilot, and cry. | apply, crime, digest, icicle, license, crisis, ninety, price, private, rice |
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Long /i/ Sound 2 | The long vowel sound /i/ may be spelled ‘i-e,’ ‘i’ at the end of a syllable, ‘y,’ or ‘y-e’ as in kite, pilot, cry, and style. | science, shy, silence, siren, spider, style, triangle, typewriter, umpire, vitamins | |
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Long /o/ Sound 1 | The long vowel sound /o/ may be spelled ‘o-e,’ ‘oa,’ or ‘o’ at the end of a syllable as in vote, coat, and poem. | approach, chosen, heroes, located, motion poet, quote, social, solar, stereo |
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Long /o/ Sound 2 | The long vowel sound /o/ may be spelled ‘o-a,’ ‘oa,’ ‘ow,’ ‘o’ at the end of a syllable, or ‘ou’ as in vote, coat, snow, poem, and though. | thorough, though, toad, tobacco, total, zero, globe, envelope, growth, goal | |
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Long /u/ Sound 1 | The long vowel sound /u/ may be spelled ‘u-e,’ ‘u’ at the end of a syllable, or ‘ue’ as in huge, humor, and value. | *view, cube, huge, future, value, rescue, usual, excuse, unit, mule |
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Long /u/ Sound 2 | The long vowel sound /u/ may be spelled ‘u-e,’ ‘u’ at the end of a syllable, or ‘ue’ as in huge, humor, and value. | uniform, genuine, perfume, confuse, humor, amuse, refused, manual, mutual, human | |
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Words with ‘y’ 1 | The long vowel sound /e/ at the end of a word is often spelled ‘y’ as in body. | mystery, community, February, secretary, fancy, military, fifty, properly, anybody, worthy | |
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Words with ‘y’ 2 | The long vowel sound /e/ at the end of a word is often spelled ‘y’ as in body. The short vowel sound /i/ is sometimes spelled ‘y’ as in symbol. | gymnasium, hobby, variety, system, noisy, electricity, laundry, machinery, sympathy, symbol |
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Homophones 1 | Homophones are words that sound alike, but have different spellings and meanings such as one and won. | cent, scent, sent, chord, cord, ring, wring, vane, vain, vein |
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Homophones 2 | Homophones are words that sound alike, but have different spellings and meanings such as one and won. | pale, pail, thrown, throne, pain, pane, berry, bury, shone, shown | |
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Digraphs 1 | Some single consonant sounds may be spelled with more than one letter such as ‘ch’ in chair. | theory, bucket, spinach, mathematics, whistle, chocolate, mischief, squash, leash, hung | |
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Digraphs 2 | Some single consonant sounds may be spelled with more than one letter such as ‘ch’ in chair. | rang, whisper, wealth orchard, thimble, flesh, theater, wharf, shelter, myth | |
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The /ou/ Sound 1 | The vowel sound /ou/ may be spelled ‘ou’ or ‘ow’ as in found and cow. The vowel sound /oi/ may be spelled ‘oi’ or ‘oy’ as in oil and boy. | counter, browse, voyage, drowsy, moisture, coil, corduroy, prowl, joined, poise | |
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The /ou/ Sound 2 | The vowel sound /ou/ may be spelled ‘ou’ or ‘ow’ as in found and cow. The vowel sound /oi/ may be spelled ‘oi’ or ‘oy’ as in oil and boy. | bounce, blouse, howl, doubt, grouchy, sprout, annoy, allowance, account, vowel | |
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Compound Words 1 | Two or more words can be put together to make a compound word such as afternoon. | counterclockwise, motorcycle, windmill, sunset, skyline, playground, warehouse, hardware, stagecoach, driveway |
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Compound Words 2 | Two or more words can be put together to make a compound word such as afternoon. | nickname, campfire, applesauce, moonlight, homesick, headache, fingernail, fireworks, forever, everyday | |
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Compound Words 3 | A compound word may be spelled as one word, as hyphenated words, or as separate words used together such as afternoon, good-by, and high school. | fire escape, quarterback, swimming pool, grown-up, barefoot, tape recorder, textbook, juke box, bookcase, ballpoint pen | |
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Compound Words 4 | A compound word may be spelled as one word, as hyphenated words, or as separate words used together such as afternoon, good-by, and high school. | plywood, screwdriver, sandpaper, first aid, cheeseburger, cupcake, old-fashioned, toothbrush, billboard, soap opera | |
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The /ôô/ Sound 1 | The vowel sound /ôô/ may be spelled ‘oo,’ ‘u-e,’ ‘ew,’ ‘u,’ ‘o,’ ‘ou,’ or ‘ue’ as in soon, rule, new, truth, do, you, and blue. | crude, cruel, improve, threw, youth, tuna, glue, troop, rude, assume | |
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The /ôô/ Sound 2 | The vowel sound /ôô/ may be spelled ‘oo,’ ‘u-e,’ ‘u,’ ‘ou,’ or ‘ui’ as in soon, rule, truth, you, and fruit. | groups, influence, through, teaspoon, ruined, bruise, wound, proof, conclude, suitcase | |
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The /är/ and /ôr/ Sounds 1 | The sound /är/ is usually spelled ‘ar’ as in car. The sound /ôr/ may be spelled ‘ore’ or ‘oar’ as in wore and board. | bored, explore, target, guard, *sergeant, hoarse, garment, arch, cargo, charter | |
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The /är/ and /ôr/ Sounds 2 | The sound /är/ is usually spelled ‘ar’ as in car. The sound /ôr/ may be spelled ‘or’ or ‘our’ as in born and four. | harvest, garlic, article, artist, orchestra, auditorium, artificial, resources, fortune, thorn | |
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The /êr/ Sound 1 | The sound /êr/ may be spelled ‘ear,’ ‘eer,’ ‘er,’ or ‘ir’ as in clear, deer, period, and mirror. | engineer, mirror, bear, steer, smear, period, experience, fear, *fierce, *weird |
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The /’r/ Sound | The sound /ûr/ may be spelled ‘er,’ ‘ur,’ ‘ear,’ or ‘our’ as in person, burn, earth, and courage. | nourish, furnace, urban, term, observe, spur, courage, furnished, pearls, urge | |
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Schwa Sound | The schwa sound may be spelled with a single vowel letter or with more than one letter as in even and famous. | bulletin, linen, benefit, difference, problem, cabinet, excellent, fashion, balance, catalog | |
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The /’r/ Sound | The sound /’r/ may be spelled ‘er,’ ‘ar,’ or ‘or’ as in butter, dollar, and doctor. | editor, calendar, carpenter, ginger, popular, customer, dollars, sailor, clever, *measure | |
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The /’l/ Sound 1 | The sound /’l/ at the end of a word with more than one syllable may be spelled ‘le,’ ‘al,’ ‘el,’ or ‘ol’ as in uncle, central, camel, or capitol. | capitol, vehicle, official, criminal, panel, commercial, quarrel, annual, national, natural |
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The /’l/ Sound 2 | The sound /’l/ at the end of a word with more than one syllable may be spelled ‘le,’ ‘al,’ ‘el,’ or ‘ol’ as in uncle, central, camel, or capitol. | mineral, *fertile, parcel, rectangle, journal, miserable, comical, musical, mantel, casual | |
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Plurals 1 | The suffixes ‘s’ and ‘es’ may be added to many nouns to form plurals as in legs and matches. The spelling of a word that ends with ‘y,’ ‘f,’ or ‘fe’ may be changed before a suffix is added as in babies, scarves, and wives. | citizens, matches, flies, dictionaries, countries, halves, wives, shelves, scarves, loaves |
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Plurals 2 | The suffix ‘s’ is added to many nouns to form plurals as in legs. Some plurals are not formed by adding ‘s’ such as mice. | pilgrims, pigeons, instruments, alleys, oxen, geese, moose, data, gentlemen, media | |
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Contractions 1 | An apostrophe shows where letters have been left out to form a pronoun contraction such as she’s. A pronoun which shows possession usually does not have an apostrophe as in theirs. | they’re, they’ve, it’s, its, hers, theirs, whose, yours, ours, *one’s | |
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Contractions 2 | Two words can be put together and shortened with an apostrophe to make a contraction such as didn’t for did not. | we’d, there’s, he’ll, she’ll, it’ll, they’d, she’d, you’ve, we’ve, who’s | |
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Suffixes 1 | The final syllable of a word that ends with /sh’n/ may be spelled ‘tion’ or ‘sion’ as in emotion and session. The final syllable of a word that ends with /zh’n/ is usually spelled ‘sion’ as in vision. | population, session, information, selection, vision, condition, occasion, occupation, mission, fiction |
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Suffixes 2 | The final syllable of a word that ends with /sh’n/ may be spelled ‘tion’ or ‘sion’ as in emotion and session. The final syllable of a word that ends with /zh’n/ is usually spelled ‘sion’ as in vision. | emotion, explosion, correction, decision, permission, caution, collection, operation, invention, constitution | |
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Suffixes 3 | The spelling of a word that ends with a silent ‘e,’ a single consonant letter following a vowel letter, or ‘y’ may be changed before the addition of a suffix beginning with a vowel letter as in coming, getting, and cried. | appreciated, happened, driving, haunted, decorating, omitted, suggested, replied, applying, listening | |
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Suffixes 4 | The spelling of a word that ends with a silent ‘e’ or with a single consonant letter following a vowel letter may be changed before the addition of a suffix beginning with a vowel letter as in coming and getting. | singing, agreed, delayed, *lying, captured, begged, celebrated, disappointed, owing, copying | |
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Suffixes 5 | Unless a word ends with ‘y’ following a consonant letter, its spelling is usually not changed before the addition of a suffix beginning with a consonant letter as in happily and surely. | originally, actually, development, immediately, equipment, announcement, advertisement, adjustment, *simply, *daily | |
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Suffixes 6 | Unless a word ends with ‘y’ following a consonant letter, its spelling is usually not changed before the addition of a suffix beginning with a consonant letter as in happily and surely. | completely, approximately, happily, refreshment, entertainment, definitely, surely, arrangement, settlement, pavement | |
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Suffixes 7 | The spelling of a word may be changed before the addition of a suffix beginning with a vowel as in coming, getting, and cried. The spelling is not usually changed before adding a suffix beginning with a consonant as in surely. | mountainous, dangerous, forceful, doubtful, successful, acceptable, available, lovable, poisonous, continuous | |
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Suffixes 8 | The spelling of a word may be changed before the addition of a suffix beginning with a vowel as in coming, getting, and cried. The spelling is usually not changed before adding a suffix beginning with a consonant, unless the word ends in ‘y’ following a consonant as in happy and surely. | furious, darkness, mysterious, emptiness, sickness, sadness, pitiful, valuable, truthful, enjoyable | |
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Prefixes 1 | The spelling of a word is usually not changed before the addition of a prefix as in refill. | prepaid, preschool, research, precaution, enriched, defrost, replace, enclose, refill, endangered |
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Prefixes 2 | The spelling of a word is usually not changed before the addition of a prefix as in refill. | supermarket, depress, returned, review, reconsider, renew, preview, repay, supersonic, supernatural | |
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Prefixes 3 | The spelling of a word is usually not changed before the addition of a prefix as in refill. | inactive, invisible, mispronounce, impolite, discomfort, unfortunate, incorrect, impractical, misunderstand, unselfish | |
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Prefixes 4 | The spelling of a word is usually not changed before the addition of a prefix as in refill. | impatient, disappeared, inexpensive, disapprove, disrespect, misuse, unnecessary, uncommon, impossible, misspell | |
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Words That Look Alike 1 | Some words may be easily confused because they have similarities in spelling, in pronunciation, or in both, such as affect and effect. | desert, dessert, breathe, breath, picture, pitcher, except, accept, effect, affect |
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Words That Look Alike 2 | Some words may be easily confused because they have similarities in spelling, in pronunciation, or in both, such as affect and effect. | metal, medal, dairy, diary, receipt, recipe, lose, loose, angle, angel | |
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Abbreviations 1 | An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word which usually ends with a period such as in. for inch. | F., yds., min., in.. oz.. sec. ; lb., ft., gal., qt. | |
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Abbreviations 2 | An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word which usually ends with a period, such as in. for inch. Abbreviations of metric units of measurement, such as km, are usually shown without periods. | pt., C., cm, m, km, g, mm, kg, l, ml | |
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Silent Letters 1 | The sounds that some consonant letters usually stand for are not heard when some words are said as in knees and climb. | autumn, drought, hedge, ought, knowledge, midnight, neighborhood, lodge, depot, exhibit |
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Silent Letters 2 | The sounds that some consonant letters usually stand for are not heard when some words are said as in knees and climb. | aisle, chalk, island, foreign, condemn, wrench, gnawing, wrestling, resign, salmon | |
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Words With Unusual Spelling 1 | Consonant sounds may have unusual spellings such as /f/ spelled ‘ph’ in phone, /ch/ spelled ‘t’ followed by ‘u’ in nature, and /sh/ spelled ‘ci’ or ‘ss’ in precious and issue. | adventure, ancient, physical, issue, precious, sculpture, feature, trophy, statue, *anxious |
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Words With Unusual Spelling 2 | Consonant sounds may have unusual spellings such as /f/ spelled ‘ph’ or ‘gh’ in phone and cough; /ch/ spelled ‘t’ followed by ‘u’ in nature; and ‘sh’ spelled ‘ci,’ ‘ti,’ ‘ss,’ or ‘ch’ in precious partial, issue, and parachute. | photograph, partial, paragraph, signature, autograph, pasture, delicious, cough, tissue, parachute | |
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Words from Other Languages 1 | Some words that are used in English come from other languages such as rodeo from Spanish. | canyon, skunk, chipmunk, coyote, racket, restaurant, patio, waffles, bamboo, noodles |
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Words from Other Languages 2 | Some words that are used in English come from other languages such as rodeo from Spanish. | sherbet, banjo, ukulele, shampoo, crochet, blanket, rodeo, karate, boomerang, kindergarten | |
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Weather Words 1 | These words are useful for writing about weather. | drizzle, thermometer, temperature, forecast, rainfall, thunderstorm, humidity, hail, sleet, evaporation |
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Weather Words 2 | These words are useful for writing about weather. | barometer, blizzard, monsoon, typhoon, hurricane, tornado, cyclone, squall, smog, climate | |
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Space Words 1 | These words are useful for writing about space. | astronaut, universe, capsule, countdown, launch, altitude, atmosphere, module, lunar, craters |
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Space Words 2 | These words are useful for writing about space. | astronomy, telescope, meteor, comet, eclipse, galaxy, satellite, space shuttle, void, laser | |
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Business Words 1 | These words are useful for writing about business. | business, hired, income, budget, salary, deposit, checkbook, computer, consumer, purchase |
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Business Words 2 | These words are useful for writing about business. | cashier, discount, credit, finance, wages, schedule, labor, profit, import, export | |
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Theater Words 1 | These words are useful for writing about theater. | entrance, audition, cast, director, script, performance, role, rehearsal, scenery, wardrobe |
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Theater Words 2 | These words are useful for writing about theater. | make-up, costume, drama, audience, balcony, actress, actor, exit, comedy, ballet | |
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Ecology Words 1 | These words are useful for writing about ecology. | Arctic, Antarctic, equator, tropical, jungle, habitat, continent, geography, prairie, cultivated |
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Ecology Words 2 | These words are useful for writing about ecology. | agriculture, irrigation, oasis, volcano, gulf, erosion, environment, recycling, ecology, conservation |
